Grace's Guide To British Industrial History

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The London and North Eastern Railway (LNER) was the second-largest of the "Big Four" railway companies created by the Railways Act 1921 in Britain. It existed from 1 January 1923 until nationalisation on 1 January 1948. It formed the new British Railways' Eastern Region, North Eastern Region and partially the Scottish Region.
[[Image:Im1902EnV94-p550.jpg|thumb| 1902. Electric Signalling by the [[Railway Signal Co]] on the LNER.]]
‎‎[[image:Im1904EnV98-p361.jpg|thumb| 1904. Four Coupled Passenger Engine.]]
[[Image:Im1904EnV98-p262a.jpg ‎|thumb|  1904. ]]
[[Image:Im1925EnV140-p539.jpg|thumb| 1911-23. ]]
 
[[Image:Im1923RlyDiary-LNER.jpg|thumb| 1923. ]]
[[image:Im192301RM-LNER8.jpg|thumb| January 1923. ]]
[[image:Im192307RM-LNER.jpg|thumb| July 1923. ]]
[[image:Im192307RM-LNER1.jpg|thumb| July 1923. ]]
[[image:Im192307RM-Lner5.jpg|thumb| July 1923. LHS. ]]
[[image:Im192307RM-LNER5a.jpg|thumb| July 1923. RHS. ]]
[[image:Im192401RM-LNER.jpg|thumb| January 1924. ]]
[[image:Im192401RM-LNER1.jpg|thumb| January 1924. ]]
[[image:Im192401RM-LNER3.jpg|thumb| January 1924. ]]
[[image:Im192401RM-LNER5.jpg|thumb| January 1924. LHS. ]]
[[image:Im192401RM-LNER5a.jpg|thumb| January 1924. RHS. ]]
[[image:Im192401RM-LNERArms.jpg|thumb| January 1924. ]]
[[image:Im192407RM-LNS.jpg|thumb| July 1924. LHS. ]]
[[image:Im192407RM-ER.jpg|thumb| July 1924. RHS. ]]
[[image:Im192407RM-LNER.jpg|thumb| July 1924. ]]
[[image:Im192407RM-LNER4.jpg|thumb| July 1924. ]]
[[image:Im192407RM-LNER5.jpg|thumb| July 1924. ]]
[[image:Im192412RM-LNER.jpg|thumb| December 1924. ]]
[[image:Im192412RM-LNER1.jpg|thumb| December 1924. ]]
[[image:Im192412RM-LNER5.jpg|thumb| December 1924. LHS. ]]
[[image:Im192412RM-LNER5a.jpg|thumb| December 1924. RHS. ]]
[[Image:Im1925EnV140-p020.jpg|thumb| 1925. Dabeg feed pump.]]
[[image:Im19250915CM-Fordson.jpg|thumb| September 1925. A converted [[Fordson]].]]
[[Image:Im1926MCW-LNER.jpg|thumb| 1926. ]]
[[image:Im1926EnV141-p004b-d.jpg |thumb| 1926. Garratt Locomotive.  ]]
[[image:IM1926eNv141-P004B-1.jpg |thumb| 1926. "Mikado" Type Locomotive. ]]
[[Image:Im1927v143-p176.jpg ‎|thumb|1927.Swing Bridge over the River Waveney at Beccles.[[John Miller (2) |John Miller]] and [[C. J. Brown]], Engineers. ]]
[[Image:Im1927v143-p23.jpg ‎|thumb|1927.Bucket Dredger '''Telford'''. ]]
[[image:Im1927v145-p32ca.jpg|thumb| 1927. Three cylinder locomotive.]]
[[image:Im1928v147-p10bb.jpg|thumb| 1928.]]
[[image:Im1963EnV216-p224c.jpg |thumb| 1928. "Chevy Chase" built by [[Clayton Wagon]].]]
[[image:Im1928v147-p10bd.jpg|thumb| 1928. Sandringham.]]
[[image:Im1929v148-p009.jpg|thumb| 1929. Sandringham.]]
[[image:Im1929v149-p34c.jpg|thumb| 1929.]]
 
[[image:Im1963EnV216-p224a.jpg |thumb| 1930. Sentinel-Cammell railcar "Phenomena"]]
[[Image:Im1930v151-p16d.jpg ‎|thumb|1930. Three Cylinder Tank Engine. L.N.E.R.2900. ]]
[[Image:Im1931-v151-p166.jpg ‎|thumb|1931. The Yarrow-Gresley High Pressure Locomotive No. 10,000.]]
[[Image:Im1931v151-p125.jpg ‎|thumb|1931. The Yarrow - Gresley High Pressure Locomotive No.10,000.]]
[[Image:Im1931v152-p178.jpg ‎|thumb|1931. Tank Engine Before and After Conversion. ]]
[[Image:Im1932RYB-LNER.jpg|thumb| 1932. ]]
[[image:Im19320611ILN-LNER.jpg|thumb| June 1932.]]
[[image:Im19320622Tat-LNER.jpg|thumb| June 1932.]]
[[Image:Im1933v155-p492.jpg ‎|thumb|1933. [[Lochaber Hydro-Electric Station|Lochaber Water Power Scheme - Diversion of L.N.E. Railway]]. ]]
[[Image:Im19330824ME-LNER.jpg|thumb| August 1933. ]]
[[Image:Im193504GHK-Hol.jpg|thumb| April 1935. ]]
[[image:Im19350504CL-LNER.jpg|thumb| May 1935.]]
 
[[Image:Im090618HS-LNER-007.jpg|thumb| Hull timber bogie to carry 7 tons of timber. Exhibit at the [[Hull Street Life Museum]]. ]]
 
[[Image:Im19350515Sk-Railway.jpg|thumb| May 1935. LNER & LMS. ]]
[[Image:Im19350515Sk-Railway2.jpg|thumb| May 1935. GWR, LNER, LMS & SR. ]]
[[image:Im1935v159-p17.jpg|thumb| 1935.]]
[[image:Im1936EnV161-p002cc.jpg|thumb| 1936. High-speed streamlined engine. "Silver Link".]]
[[Image:Im1937v164-p40.jpg ‎|thumb| 1937. ]]
 
[[Image:Im1937EnV163-p004aa.jpg ‎|thumb| 1937. ]]
[[Image:Im1937EnV163-p004ab.jpg ‎|thumb| 1937. ]]
[[Image:Im090619SR-LNER-171.jpg|thumb| 1937. Green Arrow built at Lancaster.  Exhibit at the [[Shildon Locomotion Museum]]. ]]
[[Image:Im1938EnV165-p027a.jpg ‎|thumb| 1938. ]]
[[Image:Im1938EnV165-p027c.jpg ‎|thumb| 1938. ]]
[[image:ImIDH1938-LNER.jpg |thumb| 1938. ]]
‎‎[[Image:Im1939v168-p319.jpg ‎|thumb| 1939. ]]
‎‎[[Image:Im1939v168-p414.jpg ‎|thumb| 1939. ]]
[[image:Im1942EnV173-p014.jpg|thumb| 1941. V4 class locomotive, Bantam Cock.]]
[[Image:Im1941EnV172-p402.jpg ‎|thumb| 1941. ]]
[[Image:Im1941EnV171-p144.jpg ‎|thumb| 1941. ]]
[[image:Im1942EnV173-p014b.jpg|thumb| 1941. Electric locomotive, 6701.]]
[[image:Im1942EnV174-p018b.jpg|thumb| 1942. O2 type engine with reconditioned Q4 tender.]]
[[image:Im1942EnV174-p018a.jpg|thumb| 1942. Engine number 5058. Q4 type engine converted into shunting tank.]]
[[image:Im1942EnV174-p018.jpg|thumb| 1942. Q4 type before conversion. Engine number 5059.]]
[[image:Im1942EnV173-p226.jpg|thumb| 1942. Desks at traffic control office.]]
[[image:Im1942EnV173-p302.jpg|thumb| 1942. Repair of tunnel portal at Park Junction.]]
[[Image:Im1943EnV176-p410.jpg ‎|thumb|1943. Locomotive as Originally Built and as converted. ]]
[[Image:Im1944EnV177-p26.jpg ‎|thumb|1944. 4-6-0 Mixed Traffic Locomotive.]]
[[Image:Im1944EnV177-p26aa.jpg ‎|thumb|1944. Reconstructed "Pacific". ]]
[[image:Im19440107ISDN-BritishRail.jpg |thumb| January 1944. ]]
[[image:Im19440204ISDN-BritRail.jpg |thumb| February 1944. ]]
[[image:Im19440303ISDN-BritRail.jpg |thumb| March 1944. ]]
[[image:Im19440414SDN-BritishRail.jpg |thumb| April 1944. ]]
[[image:Im19440512SDN-BritishRail.jpg |thumb| May 1944. ]]
[[image:Im19440623SDN-BritishRail.jpg |thumb| June 1944. ]]
 
[[image:Im1945EnV179-p458.jpg|thumb| 1945. Brunthill Signal Box]]
[[image:Im1945EnV180-p313.jpg|thumb| 1945. Great Northern and rebuilt Locomotive - Dwight D. Eisenhower. ]]
[[image:Im1946EnV182-p314.jpg|thumb| 1946. Engine No. 4838 in Pre-War Livery. ]]
[[image:ImILN12211946 012.jpg |thumb| 1946. ]]
[[image:Im1947v184-p082.jpg|thumb| 1947. Diamond Jubilee, Black Prince Class.]]
[[image:Im1952v194-p78.jpg|thumb| 1952. 2750. Papyrus.]]
[[image:Im1953v195-p754.jpg|thumb| 1953. "The Cock o' the North". ]]
 
‎‎[[Image:Im195712RM-LNER.jpg ‎|thumb| Mar 1957. ]]
[[Image:Im090619SR-LWER.jpg |thumb| Exhibit at the [[Shildon Locomotion Museum]]. ]]
 
The '''London and North Eastern Railway''' (LNER) was created by the [[Railways Act 1921]] from a number of [[London and North Eastern Railway Constituent Companies|Constituent Companies]] and came in to force on the 1st January 1923.
 
The  LNER was the second-largest of the "Big Four" railway companies created by the [[Railways Act 1921|Grouping Act]].  
 
1948 The LNER became part of the nationalised [[British Railways]]; parts of the company became the new [[British Railways: Eastern Region|Eastern Region]], [[British Railways: North Eastern Region|North Eastern Region]] and part of the [[British Railways: Scottish Region|Scottish Region]].


* [[Ralph Wedgwood]] was the Chief Officer of the LNER for 16 years from its inauguration in 1923.
* [[Nigel Gresley]] Chief Mechanical Engineer 1923-41
* [[Edward Thompson]] Chief Mechanical Engineer 1941-46
* [[Arthur H. Peppercorn]] Chief Mechanical Engineer 1946-48


The LNER was formed out of a number of constituent railway companies, the principal of which were:


* [[Great Eastern Railway]]  
==Constituent Companies==
* [[Great Central Railway]]  
The following made up the [[London and North Eastern Railway ]] as a result of the [[Railways Act 1921]] and came into force on the 1st January 1923:
* [[Great Northern Railway]]  
* [[Great Eastern Railway]] (GER) 1191.25 miles
* [[Great North of Scotland Railway]]  
* [[Great Central Railway]] (GCR) 852.5
* [[Hull and Barnsley Railway]]  
* [[Great Northern Railway]] (GNR) 1051.25 miles
* [[North British Railway]]  
* [[Great North of Scotland Railway]] (GNSR) 334.5 miles
* [[North Eastern Railway]]  
* [[Hull and Barnsley Railway]] (H&BR) 106.5 miles (amalgamated with the NER on 1 April 1922)
* [[North British Railway]] (NBR) 1,378 miles
* [[North Eastern Railway]] (NER) 1,757.75 miles


The total route mileage was 6590 miles (10,605 km). The North Eastern Railway owned the largest mileage: 1757 route miles (2828 km), as compared with the North British Railway (1378 miles or 2218 km) and the Hull and Barnsley Railway, at 106.5 miles (171 km).
Total Mileage of the constituent companies was '''6,671.75 miles'''


The LNER also owned:
The LNER also owned:


* 7700 locomotives; 20,000 coaching vehicles; 29,700 freight vehicles; 140 pieces of electric rolling stock and six electric locomotives; and 10 rail motor cars  
* 7,700 locomotives; 20,000 coaching vehicles; 29,700 freight vehicles; 140 pieces of electric rolling stock and six electric locomotives; and 10 rail motor cars  
* six turbine and 36 other steamers; a number of river boats and lake steamers, etc  
* six turbine and 36 other steamers; a number of river boats and lake steamers, etc  
docks and harbours in 20 locations, including the North East coast ports, some eastern Scottish ports, Harwich and London  
* docks and harbours in 20 locations, including the North East coast ports, some eastern Scottish ports, Harwich and London  
* wharves, staithes, piers in similar places  
* wharves, staithes, piers in similar places  
* 23 hotels  
* 23 hotels  
* In partnership with the London, Midland and Scottish Railway (LMS), the LNER was co-owner of the Midland and Great Northern Joint Railway, the UK's biggest joint railway system, much of which competed with the LNER's own lines. The M&GNJR was wholly incorporated into the LNER system in 1936.
* In partnership with the [[London, Midland and Scottish Railway]] (LMS), the LNER was co-owner of the [[Midland and Great Northern Joint Railway]], the UK's biggest joint railway system, much of which competed with the LNER's own lines. The M&GNJR was wholly incorporated into the LNER system in 1936.
 
==Chief Mechanical Engineers==
* [[Herbert Nigel Gresley|Nigel Gresley]] 1923-41
* [[Edward Thompson]] 1941-46
* [[Arthur Henry Peppercorn]] 1946-48
 
* [[Ralph Wedgwood]] was the Chief Officer of the LNER for 16 years from its inauguration in 1923.
 
==General==
 
1924 It was reported that the electrification proposal for the line from York to Newcastle had been abandoned<ref>The Engineer 1924/03/21</ref>
 
1926 Started to build a second jetty at Hull to import oil<ref>The Times Feb. 3, 1926</ref>
 
1930 With the passing of the Railway Companies Road Transport Acts, it became clear that the bus companies could face stiff competition so the management of the [[National Omnibus and Transport Co]] led the way in negotiating with the main railway companies, forming 3 joint companies, the last of which was the [[Eastern National Omnibus Co]] formed with the [[London and North Eastern Railway]] and the [[London, Midland and Scottish Railway]]<ref>The Times, Apr 16, 1930</ref>.
 
1938 LNER ordered electric trains for the Liverpool Street-Shenfield route. 92 sets were built with  control equipment by the [[English Electric Co]] and [[Crompton Parkinson]] traction motors. Another 8 sets were built for the Manchester to Glossop line using [[GEC]] electrical equipment and traction motors. [[Birmingham Railway Carriage and Wagon Co]] built the driving trailers, and [[Metropolitan-Cammell]] built all of the other carriages.<ref>LNER info [https://www.lner.info/locos/Electric/shenfield.php]</ref>.
 
WWII brought a further period of direct government control, and by its end a Labour government was in power and planning to nationalise the railways.
 
1948 The main companies became part of [[British Railways]] on January 1, 1948.
 
==See Also==
<what-links-here/>
* [[Railways: An Outline]]
* [[London and North Eastern Railway Constituent Companies]]
* [[Railway Companies not Grouped in 1923]]
 
==Sources of Information==
<references/>
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London_and_North_Eastern_Railway] Wikipedia
 
[[Category:Railway Companies]]

Latest revision as of 17:12, 7 November 2023

1902. Electric Signalling by the Railway Signal Co on the LNER.

‎‎

1904. Four Coupled Passenger Engine.
1904.
1911-23.
1923.
January 1923.
July 1923.
July 1923.
July 1923. LHS.
July 1923. RHS.
January 1924.
January 1924.
January 1924.
January 1924. LHS.
January 1924. RHS.
January 1924.
July 1924. LHS.
July 1924. RHS.
July 1924.
July 1924.
July 1924.
December 1924.
December 1924.
December 1924. LHS.
December 1924. RHS.
1925. Dabeg feed pump.
September 1925. A converted Fordson.
1926.
1926. Garratt Locomotive.
1926. "Mikado" Type Locomotive.
1927.Swing Bridge over the River Waveney at Beccles.John Miller and C. J. Brown, Engineers.
1927.Bucket Dredger Telford.
1927. Three cylinder locomotive.
1928.
1928. "Chevy Chase" built by Clayton Wagon.
1928. Sandringham.
1929. Sandringham.
1929.
1930. Sentinel-Cammell railcar "Phenomena"
1930. Three Cylinder Tank Engine. L.N.E.R.2900.
1931. The Yarrow-Gresley High Pressure Locomotive No. 10,000.
1931. The Yarrow - Gresley High Pressure Locomotive No.10,000.
1931. Tank Engine Before and After Conversion.
1932.
June 1932.
June 1932.
1933. Lochaber Water Power Scheme - Diversion of L.N.E. Railway.
August 1933.
April 1935.
May 1935.
Hull timber bogie to carry 7 tons of timber. Exhibit at the Hull Street Life Museum.
May 1935. LNER & LMS.
May 1935. GWR, LNER, LMS & SR.
1935.
1936. High-speed streamlined engine. "Silver Link".
1937.
1937.
1937.
1937. Green Arrow built at Lancaster. Exhibit at the Shildon Locomotion Museum.
1938.
1938.
1938.

‎‎

1939.

‎‎

1939.
1941. V4 class locomotive, Bantam Cock.
1941.
1941.
1941. Electric locomotive, 6701.
1942. O2 type engine with reconditioned Q4 tender.
1942. Engine number 5058. Q4 type engine converted into shunting tank.
1942. Q4 type before conversion. Engine number 5059.
1942. Desks at traffic control office.
1942. Repair of tunnel portal at Park Junction.
1943. Locomotive as Originally Built and as converted.
1944. 4-6-0 Mixed Traffic Locomotive.
1944. Reconstructed "Pacific".
January 1944.
February 1944.
March 1944.
April 1944.
May 1944.
June 1944.
1945. Brunthill Signal Box
1945. Great Northern and rebuilt Locomotive - Dwight D. Eisenhower.
1946. Engine No. 4838 in Pre-War Livery.
1946.
1947. Diamond Jubilee, Black Prince Class.
1952. 2750. Papyrus.
1953. "The Cock o' the North".

‎‎

Mar 1957.
Exhibit at the Shildon Locomotion Museum.

The London and North Eastern Railway (LNER) was created by the Railways Act 1921 from a number of Constituent Companies and came in to force on the 1st January 1923.

The LNER was the second-largest of the "Big Four" railway companies created by the Grouping Act.

1948 The LNER became part of the nationalised British Railways; parts of the company became the new Eastern Region, North Eastern Region and part of the Scottish Region.


Constituent Companies

The following made up the London and North Eastern Railway as a result of the Railways Act 1921 and came into force on the 1st January 1923:

Total Mileage of the constituent companies was 6,671.75 miles

The LNER also owned:

  • 7,700 locomotives; 20,000 coaching vehicles; 29,700 freight vehicles; 140 pieces of electric rolling stock and six electric locomotives; and 10 rail motor cars
  • six turbine and 36 other steamers; a number of river boats and lake steamers, etc
  • docks and harbours in 20 locations, including the North East coast ports, some eastern Scottish ports, Harwich and London
  • wharves, staithes, piers in similar places
  • 23 hotels
  • In partnership with the London, Midland and Scottish Railway (LMS), the LNER was co-owner of the Midland and Great Northern Joint Railway, the UK's biggest joint railway system, much of which competed with the LNER's own lines. The M&GNJR was wholly incorporated into the LNER system in 1936.

Chief Mechanical Engineers

  • Ralph Wedgwood was the Chief Officer of the LNER for 16 years from its inauguration in 1923.

General

1924 It was reported that the electrification proposal for the line from York to Newcastle had been abandoned[1]

1926 Started to build a second jetty at Hull to import oil[2]

1930 With the passing of the Railway Companies Road Transport Acts, it became clear that the bus companies could face stiff competition so the management of the National Omnibus and Transport Co led the way in negotiating with the main railway companies, forming 3 joint companies, the last of which was the Eastern National Omnibus Co formed with the London and North Eastern Railway and the London, Midland and Scottish Railway[3].

1938 LNER ordered electric trains for the Liverpool Street-Shenfield route. 92 sets were built with control equipment by the English Electric Co and Crompton Parkinson traction motors. Another 8 sets were built for the Manchester to Glossop line using GEC electrical equipment and traction motors. Birmingham Railway Carriage and Wagon Co built the driving trailers, and Metropolitan-Cammell built all of the other carriages.[4].

WWII brought a further period of direct government control, and by its end a Labour government was in power and planning to nationalise the railways.

1948 The main companies became part of British Railways on January 1, 1948.

See Also

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Sources of Information

  1. ↑ The Engineer 1924/03/21
  2. ↑ The Times Feb. 3, 1926
  3. ↑ The Times, Apr 16, 1930
  4. ↑ LNER info [1]
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