Grace's Guide
British Industrial History
Grace's Guide is the leading source of historical information on industry and manufacturing in Britain. This web publication contains 146,041 pages of information and 231,556 images on early companies, their products and the people who designed and built them.
Spithead Forts
From Graces Guide
1863 At Spithead the distance of the shore-line on either side of the channel leading to Portsmouth was seen to be too great to allow batteries on the mainland to prevent the entrance of ships. Therefore two circular granite forts would be sited on two shoals at the entrance to the channel. Each of these forts would have 90 guns, the two lower tiers of guns were to be in casemates, the upper in embrasures made of iron, covered in partly from above.
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